Nietzsche, Friedrich

Nietzsche, Friedrich
(1844-1900)
A German philosopher, one of the great (if not the greatest of) modern iconoclasts, Nietzsche has been read as the precursor of such varied phenomena as Nazism and post-modernism . Essentially, he appears to have been outraged by the lack of reflexivity (see ethnomethodology ) among philosophers and scientists who failed to apply to their own thoughts the rigorous questioning they applied to those of others, a reaction which led him to dispute the supposed rationalism , scientism, and humanism of modern Western societies. Against this, he upheld the ideals of individualism, self-reliance, competition, and élitism. The three terms that summarize both the reasons for the continuing controversy over his thought, and the results of his own self-questioning, are ‘nihilism’, ‘will to power’, and ‘superman’. Among those said to have been influenced by his works are Max Weber and Michel Foucault . Most of his books are available in good modern translations. Amongst the best-known are The Gay Science (1882), Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-92), Beyond Good and Evil (1886), On the Genealogy of Morals (1887), and Ecce Homo (1908).

Dictionary of sociology. 2013.

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